{"id":226,"date":"2022-01-11T08:36:27","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T08:36:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/books\/enlightenment-now-summary\/"},"modified":"2023-11-21T04:33:49","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T04:33:49","slug":"enlightenment-now-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/enlightenment-now-summary\/","title":{"rendered":"Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi \u00d6zet, \u0130nceleme ve Al\u0131nt\u0131lar | Steven Pinker"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayat \u00e7ok yo\u011fun. Var&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda toz mu topluyordu? Bunun yerine, temel fikirleri \u015fimdi al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biz burada y\u00fczeyi \u00e7iziyoruz. Kitaba hen\u00fcz sahip de\u011filseniz, sipari\u015f edin <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Burada<\/a>&nbsp;ya da sesli kitab\u0131n\u0131 edinin <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-aud\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-aud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00fccretsiz<\/a>&nbsp;ilgin\u00e7 detaylar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"226\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CNothing+is+more+responsible+for+the+good+old+days+than+a+bad+memory.%E2%80%9D+-+Franklin+Pierce+Adams+%23storyshots+%23enlightenmentnow&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"Eski g\u00fczel g\u00fcnlerden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey k\u00f6t\u00fc bir an\u0131 kadar sorumlu de\u011fildir.\" - Franklin Pierce Adams<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CNothing+is+more+responsible+for+the+good+old+days+than+a+bad+memory.%E2%80%9D+-+Franklin+Pierce+Adams+%23storyshots+%23enlightenmentnow&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<p>Bill Gates'in neden \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin <em>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi<\/em> t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n yeni favori kitab\u0131 olarak.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi<\/em><\/a> Steven Pinker'\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/better-angels-audio\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/better-angels-audio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Do\u011fam\u0131z\u0131n \u0130yi Melekleri<\/em><\/a>. \u0130kincisi, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve daha uzun hale geldi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. D\u00fcnya art\u0131k daha g\u00fcvenli, daha az \u015fiddet i\u00e7eren ve daha zengin bir yer. Pinker bu de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7in alt\u0131 ana e\u011filim ve be\u015f tarihsel g\u00fc\u00e7 tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi, Ayd\u0131nlanma ve onunla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak akl\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinin getirdi\u011fi insani devrimdir. <em>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi<\/em> sosyal bilim verilerini kullanarak bu arg\u00fcman\u0131 detayland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ak\u0131l, bilim ve h\u00fcmanizmin yak\u0131n tarih boyunca insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n durumunda genel bir iyile\u015fme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. H\u00fcmanizm, insanlar\u0131n dini inan\u00e7 yerine ak\u0131l yoluyla ya\u015fayabilecekleri inanc\u0131d\u0131r. Pinker bir sonraki kitab\u0131nda akl\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6nemini daha fazla irdeliyor, <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/rationality-audiobook\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/rationality-audiobook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Rasyonellik<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n fikirlerini, olaylar\u0131 daha iyi anlamak ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun olan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in kullanabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zorluklara ra\u011fmen gelecekten umutlu olmak i\u00e7in nedenler var. Ayd\u0131nlanma de\u011ferlerine sad\u0131k kal\u0131rsak d\u00fcnya daha uzun y\u0131llar boyunca iyile\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha iyi bir yer oldu\u011funu ve geli\u015fmeye devam edece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ferahlat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kitapta yer alan genel umut temas\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in bize kat\u0131l\u0131n. <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/playlist.megaphone.fm?e=PARSIDA8803420550&amp;light=true\" width=\"100%\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Steven Pinker Hakk\u0131nda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Steven Pinker, g\u00f6rsel bili\u015f ve psikolinguistik konular\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen otoritelerinden biridir. \u0130ki kez Pulitzer \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc finalisti ve Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesidir. Time dergisi Pinker'\u0131 \"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz D\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n En Etkili 100 \u0130nsan\u0131\" aras\u0131nda g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanada'n\u0131n Montreal kentinde orta s\u0131n\u0131f bir Yahudi ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. B\u00fcy\u00fckannesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131 Polonya ve Romanya'dan Kanada'ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdi ve Montreal'de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kravat fabrikalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Babas\u0131 bir avukat, annesi ise bir lisede m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lisans derecesini McGill \u00dcniversitesi'nden, doktora derecesini ise Harvard'dan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. MIT ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesi'nde psikoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pop\u00fcler ve \u00e7ok \u00f6v\u00fclen kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda The Stuff of Thought, The Blank Slate, Words and Rules, How the Mind Works ve The Language Instinct bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca New York Times, The New Republic ve di\u011fer dergiler i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #1: Ayd\u0131nlanma Sorgulama, Anlama ve Ele\u015ftiri \u00c7a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanma bize bir arma\u011fan verdi; ak\u0131l ve bilimin insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fme yetene\u011fini art\u0131rabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi. Alman filozof Immanuel Kant'\u0131n ilan etti\u011fi gibi Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n slogan\u0131 \"<em>Bilmeye cesaret et!<\/em>\". Temel talebi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 olarak da bilinen Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6nemi, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa's\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan felsefi bir hareketti. Her \u015feyi sorgulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar, s\u00fcrekli sorgulama yoluyla anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Anlama sayesinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ele\u015ftiriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabiliriz.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanma akl\u0131 onaylar. Bu durum baz\u0131 ele\u015ftirmenlerin Ayd\u0131nlanma'y\u0131 insanlar\u0131n m\u00fckemmel rasyonel varl\u0131klar oldu\u011fu gibi ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmayan bir iddia ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu m\u00fckemmel insan alg\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7eklerden \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r. Psikologlar mant\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcstesinden ancak ortak kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak gelebilece\u011fimizde \u0131srar etmi\u015flerdir. Akl\u0131n bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131 gerekliydi \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yayg\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z makul de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sorgular, anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve ele\u015ftirileri de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131rsak, d\u00fcnyaya \u015fimdi bakabilir ve daha iyi bir yer oldu\u011funu fark edebiliriz. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 rasyonel bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmek, sahip olunabilecek en de\u011ferli becerilerden biridir. Bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k inan\u0131lmaz bir hik\u00e2ye ve yayg\u0131n olarak duyurulmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker, Ayd\u0131nlanma'n\u0131n fikir ve de\u011ferlerini temel bir sloganla \u00f6zetlemektedir: Sapere aude. Latince'de bu kabaca 'bilmeye cesaret etmek' anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sebep: Bu d\u00fcnyada baz\u0131 \u015feyler ger\u00e7ektir ve bu nedenle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz. Baz\u0131 \u015feyler, dini veya siyasi otoritelerin ne dedi\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n do\u011frudur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bilim: Deneyler yoluyla varolu\u015fumuz hakk\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ekleri ke\u015ffedebiliriz. Ayr\u0131ca bunlar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme yoluyla gelecek nesillere aktarabiliriz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00fcmanizm: Bu i\u015fte hepimiz birlikteyiz. Kabilecilik ve rastgele grupla\u015fmalar vudu b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc kadar ilkeldir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker h\u00fcmanizmi, insan refah\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi ama\u00e7layan teizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir kavram olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Buna ya\u015fam, sa\u011fl\u0131k, memnuniyet, bilgi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, sevgi ve deneyim zenginli\u011fi dahildir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, baz\u0131 insanlar h\u00fcmanizmin modas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsano\u011flunun ilerlemesi daha \u00f6nce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseniyordu. Bunun nedeni Ayd\u0131nlanma ideallerinin (ak\u0131l, bilim ve h\u00fcmanizm) g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesiydi. Ayd\u0131nlanma idealleri ilham verici ve asildir. Minnettarl\u0131kla ya\u015famak i\u00e7in bir sebeptirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pop\u00fcler varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n aksine, d\u00fcnyam\u0131z daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye de\u011fil daha iyiye gidiyor. Retorik s\u00fcslemelerden ziyade ger\u00e7ekler kendileri i\u00e7in konu\u015fuyor. Teknoloji \"\u015f\u0131mar\u0131k aptallar\u0131n en berbat nesli i\u00e7in harcanm\u0131yor\". Aksine, teknoloji gelecek nesillerin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ke\u015ffetmelerini ve ufuklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn, birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re bile \u00e7ok daha iyi bir konumday\u0131z. Ancak, g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi buna dikkat etmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"226\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CThe+Enlightenment+sought+a+new+understanding+of+the+human+condition.+The+era+was+a+cornucopia+of+ideas%2C+some+of+them+contradictory%2C+but+four+themes+tie+them+together%3A+reason%2C+science%2C+humanism%2C+and+progress.%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%94+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"Ayd\u0131nlanma, insanl\u0131k durumuna dair yeni bir anlay\u0131\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nem, baz\u0131lar\u0131 birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir fikirler bereketiydi, ancak d\u00f6rt tema onlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yordu: ak\u0131l, bilim, h\u00fcmanizm ve ilerleme.\" - Steven Pinker<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CThe+Enlightenment+sought+a+new+understanding+of+the+human+condition.+The+era+was+a+cornucopia+of+ideas%2C+some+of+them+contradictory%2C+but+four+themes+tie+them+together%3A+reason%2C+science%2C+humanism%2C+and+progress.%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%94+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #2: Anlaman\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 Yolu Vard\u0131r: Entropi, Evrim, Bilgi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker, anlaman\u0131n anahtar\u0131 olan \u00fc\u00e7 kavram\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131yor: Entropi, Evrim ve Bilgi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc kombinasyonun olay\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Termodinami\u011fin \u0130kinci Yasas\u0131 entropinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011funu belirtir. Entropi artt\u0131k\u00e7a, izole sistemler daha az yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hale gelir. Bu durum gri bir dengeye ula\u015fana ve orada kalana kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsan ili\u015fkilerinde entropi ne anlama geliyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fsiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanan kar\u015f\u0131 bir Ayd\u0131nlanma hareketi var. \u0130\u015fler her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidiyor. Bir g\u00fcn hepimiz ayn\u0131 monoton gri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f dengesine d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker ayn\u0131 fikirde de\u011fil ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \"evrimle\u015fti\u011fini\" kabul etmenin zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fine inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"226\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CAs+we+care+about+more+of+humanity%2C+we%E2%80%99re+apt+to+mistake+the+harms+around+us+for+signs+of+how+low+the+world+has+sunk+rather+than+how+high+our+standards+have+risen.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha fazla \u00f6nemsedik\u00e7e, \u00e7evremizdeki zararlar\u0131, standartlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ne kadar y\u00fckseldi\u011finden ziyade d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ne kadar al\u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faretleri olarak g\u00f6rme e\u011filimindeyiz.\" - Steven Pinker<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CAs+we+care+about+more+of+humanity%2C+we%E2%80%99re+apt+to+mistake+the+harms+around+us+for+signs+of+how+low+the+world+has+sunk+rather+than+how+high+our+standards+have+risen.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<p>Bunun sebebi nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanma, tek ve izole bir sistem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n fark\u0131na varmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bunun yerine, \u0130nsanl\u0131k olarak bilinen \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir organizman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130lerlemeye devam etmek istiyorsak, bu ilkelere daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ne kan\u0131ta ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilgi, durumun g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha iyi oldu\u011funu ortaya koyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"226\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9COur+greatest+enemies+are+ultimately+not+our+political+adversaries+but+entropy%2C+evolution+%28in+the+form+of+pestilence+and+the+flaws+in+human+nature%29%2C+and+most+of+all+ignorance%E2%80%94a+shortfall+of+knowledge+of+how+best+to+solve+our+problems.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"En b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131z nihayetinde siyasi rakiplerimiz de\u011fil, entropi, evrim (veba ve insan do\u011fas\u0131ndaki kusurlar \u015feklinde) ve en \u00f6nemlisi cehalettir - sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 en iyi nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zece\u011fimize dair bilgi eksikli\u011fi.\" - Steven Pinker<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9COur+greatest+enemies+are+ultimately+not+our+political+adversaries+but+entropy%2C+evolution+%28in+the+form+of+pestilence+and+the+flaws+in+human+nature%29%2C+and+most+of+all+ignorance%E2%80%94a+shortfall+of+knowledge+of+how+best+to+solve+our+problems.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #3: Ayd\u0131nlanma K\u00fcresel Zenginli\u011fi Art\u0131rd\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker, Ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n yoksullu\u011fu ve e\u015fitsizli\u011fi azalt\u0131rken zenginli\u011fi art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyor. Bu iddias\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in de bilimsel kan\u0131tlar sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sadece iki y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun 90%'sinden fazlas\u0131 yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu rakam g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde n\u00fcfusun 10%'sinden daha azd\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, k\u00fcresel gelirin 1820 ile 1900 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rt kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Pinker, daha y\u00fcksek ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Ayd\u0131nlanma ilkelerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El Salvador ve Ruanda gibi en yoksul \u00fclkeler bile dramatik bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme ya\u015fad\u0131. Her 18 y\u0131lda bir gelirlerinin d\u00f6rt kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Sadece zenginler daha zengin olur\" arg\u00fcman\u0131 k\u00fcresel ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye kar\u015f\u0131 yayg\u0131n bir arg\u00fcmand\u0131r. Pinker buna \"tamamen sa\u00e7mal\u0131k\" diyor. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemek i\u00e7in yoksul insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Kuznets e\u011frisini \u00f6rnek g\u00f6steriyor. 1950'lerin sonunda ortaya at\u0131lan Kuznets teorisi, gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki d\u00fczensizlikleri a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilimsel Devrim, 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir inovasyon ve sanayile\u015fmeyi tetikledi. Bir ak\u0131l \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, ticaret, k\u00fcresel de\u011fi\u015fim, yeni end\u00fcstriler ve teknolojiler yaratt\u0131. Zenginlik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeler Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6neminin arkas\u0131ndaki temel itici g\u00fc\u00e7lerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #4: Ayd\u0131nlanma Ya\u015fam Beklentisini Art\u0131r\u0131yor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\"\u0130lerleme nedir? Bu sorunun sonsuza kadar cevaplanamayacak kadar \u00f6znel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00f6receli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. Asl\u0131nda cevaplamas\u0131 en kolay sorulardan biridir. \u00c7o\u011fu insan ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmden daha iyi oldu\u011fu konusunda hemfikirdir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hastal\u0131ktan daha iyidir. Beslenmek a\u00e7l\u0131ktan daha iyidir. Bolluk yoksulluktan iyidir. Bar\u0131\u015f sava\u015ftan daha iyidir. G\u00fcvenlik tehlikeden daha iyidir. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck zorbal\u0131ktan iyidir. E\u015fit haklar ba\u011fnazl\u0131k ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131ktan iyidir. Okuryazarl\u0131k cehaletten iyidir. Bilgi cehaletten daha iyidir. Zeka, aptall\u0131ktan daha iyidir. Mutluluk sefaletten daha iyidir. Ailenin, arkada\u015flar\u0131n, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ve do\u011fan\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma f\u0131rsatlar\u0131, angarya ve monotonluktan daha iyidir. T\u00fcm bunlar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Zaman i\u00e7inde artm\u0131\u015flarsa, bu ilerlemedir.\"<\/p>\n<cite>- Steven Pinker<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6l\u00fcm, insanlar\u0131n ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun ka\u00e7\u0131nmak istedikleri bir \u015feydir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce insan \u00f6mr\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 33 y\u0131ld\u0131. Sonra, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda \"B\u00fcy\u00fck Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f \"\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Bilim insanlar\u0131, doktorlar, h\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri ve i\u015fadamlar\u0131 dogmay\u0131 itaatk\u00e2r bir \u015fekilde kabul etmek yerine ger\u00e7e\u011fi aramaya ve deneyler yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131. Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi her y\u0131l yedi ay artt\u0131!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rakamlar yoksul \u00fclkelerde daha da \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Etiyopya'da on ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in 51 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ya\u015fam \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu say\u0131 1950'de 34 idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerindeki azalma ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresini de iyile\u015ftirmektedir. Anneler \u00f6nceki nesillere g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek oranda do\u011fumdan sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker ayr\u0131ca ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha iyi k\u00fcresel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve beslenmeye ba\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli tehdit etmi\u015ftir. Homo sapiens say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7are kullanarak hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geleneksel \u00e7areler aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fc tavuk, kan ak\u0131tma ve zehirli metaller yer al\u0131yordu. Ancak on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n icad\u0131yla her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fti. Bilim insanlar\u0131 mikrop teorisini kabul etti\u011finde m\u00fccadele de de\u011fi\u015fti. Erken hastal\u0131k \u00f6nleme tedbirleri milyonlarca hayat kurtard\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda el y\u0131kama ve su klorlama da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce \u015fehirler d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 kayn\u0131yordu. Giysilerinizi y\u0131kar ve nehirlerden akan bulan\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131dan i\u00e7erdiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Birinci basamak doktorunuzu ziyaret etmek sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in bir riskti. Siyah ceketindeki kurumu\u015f kan ve d\u0131\u015fk\u0131 i\u011fren\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. \u00d6nce otopsi yaparlar, sonra yaralar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 incelerlerdi. Daha sonra, ba\u015fka bir parlak zeka t\u0131bbi ekipman\u0131 ve elleri temizlemeyi ve sterilize etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daha da dikkat \u00e7ekici olan\u0131, k\u0131tl\u0131k art\u0131k neredeyse hi\u00e7 yok. XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n uzun k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 boyunca pek \u00e7ok \u0130sve\u00e7li \u00e7ocuk a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te biri yetersiz besleniyordu. Ancak 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu oran 13% ile rekor seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun 5 milyar artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu durumu daha da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tar\u0131m teknolojisindeki ilerlemeler sayesinde art\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir tar\u0131m verimlili\u011fine sahibiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #5: H\u00fcmanist Hareket Sayesinde Hayat Daha G\u00fcvenli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130statistikler incelendi\u011finde Ayd\u0131nlanma sonras\u0131 insan g\u00fcvenli\u011findeki art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Do\u011fal afetler, su\u00e7lar, sava\u015flar ve siyasi zul\u00fcm art\u0131k \u00e7ok daha az say\u0131da insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmektedir. Son y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00fcresel \u015fiddet \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezalar\u0131 98% oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zalimce ve ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 cezalar da art\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanmadan \u00f6nce insanlara i\u015fkence etmek yayg\u0131n bir uygulamayd\u0131. \u015eimdi ise nadiren yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Hala var oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde bile her y\u0131l sadece birka\u00e7 idam cezas\u0131 vakas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu e\u011filimleri etkileyen en \u00f6nemli hareketlerden biri Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler'dir. 1945 tarihli \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Beyannamesi herkes i\u00e7in tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz baz\u0131 haklar tesis etmi\u015ftir. BM, 1945'teki kurulu\u015fundan bu yana 193 \u00fclkeyi kapsayacak \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011finin te\u015fvik edilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlanma bizi sadece daha g\u00fcvenli k\u0131lmad\u0131; bizi daha ahlakl\u0131 da yapt\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artan ahlak\u0131n\u0131n nedeni h\u00fcmanistlerdir. Bilim, teknoloji ve felsefe okuyarak insanlar daha az \u015fiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 ve milliyet\u00e7i oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #6: \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Su\u00e7lusu \u0130nsanlard\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"226\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CThe+ideals+of+the+Enlightenment+are+products+of+human+reason%2C+but+they+always+struggle+with+other+strands+of+human+nature%3A+loyalty+to+tribe%2C+deference+to+authority%2C+magical+thinking%2C+the+blaming+of+misfortune+on+evildoers.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots+%23alwayslearning&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"Ayd\u0131nlanma idealleri insan akl\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir, ancak her zaman insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer y\u00f6nleriyle m\u00fccadele ederler: kabileye sadakat, otoriteye sayg\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, talihsizli\u011fin su\u00e7unu k\u00f6t\u00fclere atma.\" - Steven Pinker<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CThe+ideals+of+the+Enlightenment+are+products+of+human+reason%2C+but+they+always+struggle+with+other+strands+of+human+nature%3A+loyalty+to+tribe%2C+deference+to+authority%2C+magical+thinking%2C+the+blaming+of+misfortune+on+evildoers.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots+%23alwayslearning&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesini ve hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor. Yine de bu konunun bu kadar siyasile\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7ok sa\u00e7ma. Sadece medyan\u0131n ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekleri nas\u0131l manip\u00fcle etti\u011fine bakmam\u0131z yeterli. Hem sol hem de sa\u011f siyasi ideolojiler bir din haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar sadece kendi siyasi ideolojilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren benzer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen insanlarla ili\u015fki kuruyor. Ayd\u0131nlanma ilkelerini dikkate alm\u0131yorlar. Soru sormay\u0131, alternatifler aramay\u0131 ve bu alternatifleri anlamay\u0131 tabu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar. Medya ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler bu tabuyu kendi g\u00fcndemlerini ilerletmek i\u00e7in manip\u00fcle ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, fosil yak\u0131t \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ink\u00e2rc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemektedir. Pinker onlar\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 inkar etmelerini fanatik ve aldat\u0131c\u0131 olarak nitelendiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011fu ve buna insanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131yor. Bilim camias\u0131 da bu konuda hemfikir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 70.000 hakemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan sadece d\u00f6rd\u00fc insan kaynakl\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 sorgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini kaderci bir sonu\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rmemeliyiz. Bunun yerine, konuyu \u00e7\u00f6zmemiz gereken bir sorun olarak \u00e7er\u00e7evelemeliyiz. Ba\u015far\u0131, sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya iter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gezegene hen\u00fcz n\u00fckleer bomba atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re, neyin iyi gitti\u011fini incelemeliyiz. Bu \u015fekilde, her ne ise daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"226\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CProblems+are+solvable.+That+does+not+mean+they+will+solve+themselves%2C+but+it+does+mean+we+can+solve+them+if+we+sustain+the+benevolent+forces+of+modernity+that+have+allowed+us+to+solve+problems+so+far%2C+including+societal+prosperity%2C+wisely+regulated+markets%2C+international+governance%2C+and+investments+in+science+and+technology.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots+%23humanism&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"Sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Bu kendi kendilerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclecekleri anlam\u0131na gelmez, ancak toplumsal refah, ak\u0131ll\u0131ca d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f piyasalar, uluslararas\u0131 y\u00f6neti\u015fim ve bilim ve teknolojiye yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere bug\u00fcne kadar sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmemizi sa\u011flayan modernitenin hay\u0131rsever g\u00fc\u00e7lerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrsek onlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fimiz anlam\u0131na gelir.\" - Steven Pinker<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%E2%80%9CProblems+are+solvable.+That+does+not+mean+they+will+solve+themselves%2C+but+it+does+mean+we+can+solve+them+if+we+sustain+the+benevolent+forces+of+modernity+that+have+allowed+us+to+solve+problems+so+far%2C+including+societal+prosperity%2C+wisely+regulated+markets%2C+international+governance%2C+and+investments+in+science+and+technology.%E2%80%9D+-+Steven+Pinker+%23enlightenmentnow+%23stevenpinker+%23storyshots+%23humanism&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F226&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #7: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya Devam Edin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Enlightenment Now'daki olumlu mesaj, harekete ge\u00e7me ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmiyor. \u0130nsano\u011flu her \u015feyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil ve bununla yetinmemeliyiz. Ayd\u0131nlanma ilkeleriyle anlama aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sorgulamaya devam etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z bizi \u015fu anda sahip oldu\u011fumuz ilerleme seviyesine getirdi. \u0130lerlemeye devam etmeliyiz. Engelleri a\u015fmadaki ba\u015far\u0131m\u0131z bize daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 aramam\u0131z i\u00e7in ilham vermelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demokrasi ve di\u011fer meseleler i\u00e7in \u00e7abalamaya ve m\u00fccadele etmeye devam edin. En iyi uygulamalar\u0131 tespit etmeli ve bunlara g\u00f6re hareket etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lerleme, sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz anlam\u0131na gelmez. Neyin i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulduk ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neyin i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek y\u00f6n verir ve ba\u015far\u0131 beklentileri olu\u015fturur. Bu, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir performans sergilemek i\u00e7in ama\u00e7, de\u011fer ve nedenin \u00f6nemini vurgular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fam\u0131yoruz. Yoksulluk, hastal\u0131k, otoriterlik, \u015fiddet ve cehalet hala devam ediyor. Ancak \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydettik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kadercili\u011fe, kabilecili\u011fe ya da fanatizme yenik d\u00fc\u015fmezsek daha da ilerleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilim, demokrasi ve kapitalizm insanl\u0131\u011fa fayda sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse, son birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r iyi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015feyi yapmaya devam edelim ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 daha iyi bir yer haline getirelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">StoryShot #8: \u0130nsanlar Tehditleri Alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131nda Bili\u015fsel \u00d6nyarg\u0131lara Sahiptir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Neden birileri ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ilerlemeyi sorgulas\u0131n ki? \u0130nsanlar potansiyel tehlikeleri \u00f6d\u00fcllerden daha fazla vurgulamaya e\u011filimlidir. \u015eirketler ve uzmanlar bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131y\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rlar. Medya kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ciddiyet konusundaki itibarlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bunu istismar etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rakamlar konusunda ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olman\u0131n ve ampirik kan\u0131tlar\u0131n bize ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fini kontrol etmenin zaman\u0131 geldi. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f nesillere k\u0131yasla sosyal ve ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma ihtimalimiz daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liberaller neyin eksik oldu\u011funa odaklanmay\u0131 tercih ediyor. Kaydedilen ilerlemeden etkilenmemeye devam ediyorlar. Bunun ahlaki y\u00f6n\u00fc ilk bak\u0131\u015fta istisnai g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyebilir. Ancak k\u00f6t\u00fcmserlik, ya\u015famlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve koruma \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerleme s\u00fcrecini g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek ciddi bir sorumluluktur. Modernite ele\u015ftirmenleri sorumlu y\u00f6neticiler ve ilerici reformcular kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 oymaktad\u0131r. Her ikisi de daha fazla ilerleme kaydetmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enlightenment Now'\u0131n Nihai \u00d6zeti ve De\u011ferlendirmesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\"\u0130nsan\u0131n geli\u015fimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ak\u0131l ve sempatiyi kullanabilece\u011fimiz y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki Ayd\u0131nlanma ilkesi a\u00e7\u0131k, basmakal\u0131p ve eski moda g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Bu kitab\u0131 yazd\u0131m \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark ettim. Ak\u0131l, bilim, h\u00fcmanizm ve ilerleme ideallerinin y\u00fcrekten bir savunmaya her zamankinden daha fazla ihtiyac\u0131 var. Yeni do\u011fan bebeklerin seksen y\u0131ldan fazla ya\u015famas\u0131, marketlerin yiyecekle dolup ta\u015fmas\u0131, bir parmak hareketiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan temiz su ve bir di\u011feriyle yok olan at\u0131klar, a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131 bir enfeksiyonu yok eden haplar, sava\u015fa g\u00f6nderilmeyen o\u011fullar, sokaklarda g\u00fcven i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilen k\u0131zlar, hapse at\u0131lmayan ya da vurulmayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcleri ele\u015ftirenler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bilgi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir g\u00f6mlek cebinde bulunmas\u0131 gibi hediyeleri do\u011fal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yoruz. Ancak bunlar insani ba\u015far\u0131lard\u0131r, kozmik do\u011fum haklar\u0131 de\u011fil. Bu kitab\u0131n pek \u00e7ok okurunun an\u0131lar\u0131nda -ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha az \u015fansl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n deneyimlerinde- sava\u015f, k\u0131tl\u0131k, hastal\u0131k, cehalet ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl tehdit varolu\u015fun do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkelerin bu ilkel ko\u015fullara geri d\u00f6nebilece\u011fini biliyoruz ve bu y\u00fczden Ayd\u0131nlanma'n\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geliyoruz.\"<\/p>\n<cite>- Steven Pinker<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker, kurtulu\u015fumuzun h\u00fcmanizme olan inan\u00e7ta ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 neden, neyi geli\u015ftirebilece\u011fimizi ve nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fimizi anlama ve sormaya devam etme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuz en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun olan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne yaln\u0131zca Ayd\u0131nlanma yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. \u0130\u015fte Steven Pinker taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi'nin temel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin bir \u00f6zeti. Hangilerine kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve neden kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bize bildirin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlanma sorgulama, anlama ve ele\u015ftirme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anlaman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r: Entropi, Evrim, Bilgi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlanma k\u00fcresel zenginli\u011fi art\u0131rd\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlanma ortalama ya\u015fam s\u00fcresini art\u0131rd\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00fcmanist hareket sayesinde hayat daha g\u00fcvenli<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin sorumlusu insanlard\u0131r<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam edin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130nsanlar tehditleri alg\u0131larken bili\u015fsel \u00f6nyarg\u0131lara sahiptir<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ele\u015ftiri ve De\u011ferlendirme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinker'\u0131n kitab\u0131 \u00f6zellikle ekonomistlerden ele\u015ftiri ald\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 kitab\u0131n k\u00fcreselle\u015fme nedeniyle artan riskleri hesaba katmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Bireysel rasyonalitenin toplum i\u00e7in mant\u0131ks\u0131z hale geldi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. \u00dccretler ve ba\u011flant\u0131lar art\u0131yor, ancak olumsuz yay\u0131lmalar ve sistemik riskler de art\u0131yor. K\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin risklerini azaltmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z ile sayd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum geni\u015fliyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ekosistemler zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekonomistler, do\u011fan\u0131n fiyat de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine tepki vermedi\u011fini de ekliyor. Bu da do\u011fal sistemlerin daha fazla s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bo\u011falar boynuzlar\u0131 daha pahal\u0131 oldu\u011funda daha fazla \u00fcremezler. Pinker iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden bahsediyor, ama sadece ay\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir hat\u0131rlatma olarak. Ekonomistler bunun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z i\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin en bariz \u00f6rne\u011fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kitaba 4,5\/5 puan veriyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yet-another-stars-rating-overall-rating yasr-overall-block\"><!--Yasr Overall Rating Shortcode--><div class='yasr-custom-text-before-overall' id='yasr-custom-text-before-overall'>Bizim Puan\u0131m\u0131z<\/div><div class=\"yasr-overall-rating\"><div class='yasr-rater-stars'\r\n                           id='yasr-overall-rating-rater-ba9df8efb9fa6'\r\n                           data-rating='4.5'\r\n                           data-rater-starsize='24'>\r\n                       <\/div><\/div><!--End Yasr Overall Rating Shortcode--><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PDF, \u00dccretsiz Sesli Kitap, \u0130nfografik ve Animasyonlu Kitap \u00d6zeti \u015eimdi Ayd\u0131nlanma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6nemsedi\u011finizi g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya yorum yap\u0131n veya payla\u015f\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>StoryShots'ta yeni misiniz? Bu \u00f6zetin ve di\u011fer y\u00fczlerce \u00e7ok satan kurgusal olmayan kitab\u0131n PDF, infografik, sesli ve animasyonlu versiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/go.getstoryshots.com\/free\">\u00fccretsiz \u00fcst d\u00fczey uygulama<\/a>. Apple, The Guardian, The UN ve Google taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyi okuma ve \u00f6\u011frenme uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu buzda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u0131sm\u0131yd\u0131. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara dalmak ve Steven Pinker'\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in Enlightenment Now'\u0131 sipari\u015f edin <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Burada<\/a> ya da sesli kitab\u0131n\u0131 edinin <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/enlightenment-now-aud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00fccretsiz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130lgili Kitap \u00d6zetleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/factfulness-summary\/\">Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik<\/a> Hans Rosling, Anna Rosling R\u00f6nnlund ve Ola Rosling taraf\u0131ndan&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/how-to-avoid-a-climate-disaster-summary\/\">Bir \u0130klim Felaketi Nas\u0131l \u00d6nlenir?<\/a> Bill Gates taraf\u0131ndan&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/thinking-fast-and-slow-summary\/\">H\u0131zl\u0131 ve Yava\u015f D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek<\/a> Daniel Kahneman taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/how-not-to-be-wrong-summary\/\">Nas\u0131l Hatal\u0131 Olunmaz?<\/a> Jordan Ellenberg taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/everything-is-fcked-summary\/\">Her \u015eey Boktan<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Mark Manson<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/tao-te-ching-summary\/\">Tao Te Ching<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Lao Tse<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/why-nations-fail-summary\/\">Uluslar Neden Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Olur?<\/a> Daron Acemo\u011flu ve Jame A. Robinson taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/sapiens-summary\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"236\">Sapiens<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Yuval Noah Harari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/homo-deus-summary\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"319\">Homo Deus<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Yuval Noah Harari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/think-again-summary\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"50321\">Tekrar D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Adam Grant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi \u00f6zeti\" class=\"wp-image-59133\" style=\"width:367px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-summary-review-PDF-Steven-Pinker-Bill-Gates-quotes-chapters-charts-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-in-Hindi.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hayat \u00e7ok yo\u011fun. Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda toz mu topluyor? Bunun yerine, temel fikirleri \u015fimdi al\u0131n. Biz burada sadece y\u00fczeyi \u00e7iziyoruz. Kitaba hen\u00fcz sahip de\u011filseniz, buradan sipari\u015f verebilir veya sesli kitab\u0131 \u00fccretsiz olarak edinebilirsiniz. Giri\u015f Bill Gates'in Enlightenment Now'dan neden yeni favori kitab\u0131 olarak bahsetti\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenin...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":93002,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"yasr_overall_rating":4.5,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,4524,4484],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","category-philosophy","category-science"],"acf":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"Coming soon"},{"value":4524,"label":"Philosophy"},{"value":4484,"label":"Science"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Enlightenment-Now-Summary-1024x536.png",1024,536,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"Team StoryShots","author_link":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/author\/fuzr6koxtahlfjcigcjjuadpexy2\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"Coming soon","slug":"uncategorized","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":147,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":147,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Coming soon","category_nicename":"uncategorized","category_parent":0},{"term_id":4524,"name":"Philosophy","slug":"philosophy","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":4524,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":24,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":4524,"category_count":24,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Philosophy","category_nicename":"philosophy","category_parent":0},{"term_id":4484,"name":"Science","slug":"science","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":4484,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":26,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":4484,"category_count":26,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Science","category_nicename":"science","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93003,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226\/revisions\/93003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}