{"id":48886,"date":"2021-04-08T13:41:19","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T13:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/?p=48886"},"modified":"2024-09-26T09:57:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T09:57:24","slug":"the-lessons-of-history-summary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/the-lessons-of-history-summary\/","title":{"rendered":"Tarih Dersleri \u00d6zet ve \u0130nceleme | Will Durant ve Ariel Durant'\u0131n Kitab\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-summary-audiobook-1.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayat \u00e7ok yo\u011fun. Var&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/durant-free-audiobook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tarihten Al\u0131nacak Dersler<\/a>&nbsp;kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda toz mu topluyordu? Bunun yerine, temel fikirleri \u015fimdi al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biz burada y\u00fczeyi \u00e7iziyoruz. E\u011fer kitaba hen\u00fcz sahip de\u011filseniz&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/lessons-history-book\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kitap<\/a>&nbsp;ya da&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/durant-free-audiobook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00fccretsiz sesli kitap<\/a>&nbsp;ilgin\u00e7 detaylar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sinopsis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/durant-free-audiobook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Tarihten Al\u0131nacak Dersler<\/strong><\/a> yazarlar\u0131n Medeniyetin \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc'n\u00fcn elli y\u0131ll\u0131k bilgi ve deneyim birikimidir. Modern insan deneyimimize ve atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc varolu\u015fumuza nas\u0131l zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar. Tarihin Dersleri, belirli uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n neden ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131n ve daha etkili bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftiklerinin derinlemesine bir tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor. Co\u011frafi konum, tarihsel uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r olmu\u015ftur. Ancak yazarlar, teknolojinin bu geleneksel geli\u015fim bi\u00e7imlerini ikincil b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmaktad\u0131r. Kitap ayr\u0131ca, topluma y\u00f6nelik mevcut ekonomik, ahlaki ve demokratik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tarihsel performans\u0131n\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bug\u00fcn medeniyetlerimizi geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uygulayabilece\u011fimiz tarihten dersler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Will Durant Hakk\u0131nda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Will Durant, en \u00e7ok \"Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\" adl\u0131 eseriyle tan\u0131nan Amerikal\u0131 bir yazar, tarih\u00e7i ve filozoftur. Bu kitap e\u015fiyle birlikte yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lisans e\u011fitimini Saint Peter's College'da tamamlayan Will, daha sonra Columbia \u00dcniversitesi'nde doktora yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Akademik ge\u00e7mi\u015fine ra\u011fmen Will kariyerine muhabir olarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u015fi Ariel ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi b\u0131rakmaya ve toplum felsefesine olan tutkusunun pe\u015finden gitmeye karar verdi. Will hayat\u0131 boyunca politik olarak da aktifti. E\u015fit \u00fccret, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oy hakk\u0131 ve Amerikan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in daha adil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ariel Durant Hakk\u0131nda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ariel Durant, 10 May\u0131s 1898'de Rusya'n\u0131n Proskurov kentinde Chaya Kaufmann ad\u0131yla do\u011fdu. Ethel Appel Kaufman ve Amerika'ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f bir giyim ma\u011fazas\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan Joseph Kaufman'\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131yd\u0131. Ailelerini 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda daha iyi bir ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131yla buraya getirdiler. Chaya 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken New York devlet okullar\u0131ndan anar\u015fistlerden ilham alan ilerici Ferrer Modern Okulu'na transfer oldu. Burada asl\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Will ile tan\u0131\u015facakt\u0131. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan sonra her iki Durant da Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'ndeki \u0131rksal ve dini gerilimleri azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik bir harekete dahil oldu. Will \"Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bildirgesi \"nin arkas\u0131ndaki kilit isim olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ariel de aktif bir rol \u00fcstlendi. Durant'lar Sanat ve Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc'ne se\u00e7ildiler. Ariel 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda Los Angeles Times taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131l\u0131n be\u015f kad\u0131n\u0131ndan biri olarak se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teknoloji Co\u011frafyan\u0131n Etkisini Azalt\u0131yor<\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"48886\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%22The+influence+of+geographic+factors+diminishes+as+technology+grows.+The+character+and+contour+of+a+terrain+may+offer+opportunities+for+agriculture%2C+mining%2C+or+trade%2C+but+only+the+imagination+and+initiative+of+leaders%2C+and+the+hardy+industry+of+followers%2C+can+transform+the+possibilities+into+fact...Man%2C+not+the+earth%2C+makes+civilization.%22+-+Will+and+Ariel+Durant&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F48886&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;white-space: pre-wrap\">\"Teknoloji geli\u015ftik\u00e7e co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rlerin etkisi azal\u0131r. Bir arazinin karakteri ve konturu tar\u0131m, madencilik veya ticaret i\u00e7in f\u0131rsatlar sunabilir, ancak yaln\u0131zca liderlerin hayal g\u00fcc\u00fc ve inisiyatifi ve takip\u00e7ilerin dayan\u0131kl\u0131 end\u00fcstrisi olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir... Medeniyeti d\u00fcnya de\u011fil, insan yarat\u0131r.\" - Will ve Ariel Durant<\/span><br><\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%22The+influence+of+geographic+factors+diminishes+as+technology+grows.+The+character+and+contour+of+a+terrain+may+offer+opportunities+for+agriculture%2C+mining%2C+or+trade%2C+but+only+the+imagination+and+initiative+of+leaders%2C+and+the+hardy+industry+of+followers%2C+can+transform+the+possibilities+into+fact...Man%2C+not+the+earth%2C+makes+civilization.%22+-+Will+and+Ariel+Durant&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F48886&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suyun \u00d6nemi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihsel olarak, co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar \u015fehirlerin geli\u015fimini etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri olmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinin neredeyse tamam\u0131 nehirlerin, g\u00f6llerin veya okyanuslar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Su k\u00fctleleri su ve g\u0131da i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar kaynaklar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ticareti i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi. Yazarlar Mezopotamya \u00f6rne\u011fini vermektedir. Bu antik kent genellikle insan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu yer olarak kabul edilir. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, Mezopotamya iki b\u00fcy\u00fck nehir aras\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur: F\u0131rat ve Dicle. Burada ya\u015fayan S\u00fcmerler ve Babilliler, akan sular\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar sayesinde sivrilmi\u015flerdir. Mezopotamya bir anomali de\u011fildir. Bunun yerine, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r Nil'in Arma\u011fan\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve Antik Roma yak\u0131nlardaki \u00fc\u00e7 su k\u00fctlesine dayanarak b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teknolojinin Co\u011frafya \u00dczerindeki Etkisi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Co\u011frafya, uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flamas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar, uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 itme potansiyeline de sahiptir. Co\u011frafyalar dura\u011fan de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iklimdeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar Orta Amerika ormanlar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye, Orta Asya'n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ise hi\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fcmemeye yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki durumda da b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc medeniyetler yok olmu\u015ftur. Buna ra\u011fmen, teknoloji art\u0131k co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u015fehir geli\u015fimi \u00fczerindeki etkisini s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, teknoloji art\u0131k mallar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen birincil fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Bunun sonucunda, \u00fclkelerin ve \u015fehirlerin ekonomik olarak geli\u015fmek i\u00e7in art\u0131k suya yak\u0131n olmalar\u0131 gerekmiyor. Bunun sonucunda \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa gibi \u00fclkeler d\u00fcnya ekonomisi \u00fczerindeki hakimiyetlerini kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Otomobiller, trenler ve u\u00e7aklar bu \u00fclkelerin denize k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini azaltt\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Rusya, \u00c7in ve Brezilya gibi \u00fclkeler art\u0131k geni\u015f kara k\u00fctleleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Dijital \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve farkl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m bi\u00e7imleri, modern d\u00fcnyada co\u011frafyan\u0131n kalk\u0131nma \u00fczerindeki etkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130nsanlar E\u015fit Do\u011fmaz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Evrimsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fimiz nedeniyle insanlar do\u011fal olarak rekabet\u00e7idir. Atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131 sava\u015fmaya ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Daha sonra biz de ayn\u0131 rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fi benimsedik. \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndaki sosyal i\u015fbirli\u011finin bile tek amac\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 artt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, aile yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, topluluklar\u0131 ve uluslar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, rekabet etme yetene\u011finizi geli\u015ftirmenin sadece bir yoludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Durantlar, insanlar\u0131n do\u011fal olarak e\u015fit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fin sezgisel oldu\u011fu birka\u00e7 yolun ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>E\u015fitsizlik insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu azaltmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak sadece bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe mal olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Genetik, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan fiziksel veya zihinsel olarak daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olman\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Kendimizi geli\u015ftirebiliriz ama geneti\u011fimizi de\u011fi\u015ftiremeyiz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla e\u015fitsizlik do\u011fu\u015ftan itibaren vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte artan toplumsal karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, genetik e\u015fitsizliklerimizi daha da abart\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Irk\u0131n Kalk\u0131nma \u00dczerinde Etkisi Yoktur<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihsel olarak, baz\u0131 gruplar belirli toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesinin nedeni olarak \u0131rk\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Daha sonra, beyazlar\u0131n do\u011fal olarak daha zeki oldu\u011funa dair iddialar ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak durum b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir. Geli\u015fimdeki t\u00fcm bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar co\u011frafyaya atfedilebilir. \u00dcnl\u00fc bir Frans\u0131z aristokrat olan Joseph Arthur, co\u011frafyan\u0131n \u00f6nemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerikan yerlilerinin Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131larla ayn\u0131 elveri\u015fli ko\u015fullara sahip oldu\u011funa i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir. Ancak ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, geli\u015fmi\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir ve birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7in, Antik M\u0131s\u0131r ya da Roma'dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015f bir medeniyete sahipti. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130nkalar, Mayalar, K\u0131z\u0131lderililer ve Afrikal\u0131lar da bir noktada D\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki en ileri medeniyetlere ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0131rk\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015flikle hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u015filikler ve Ahlak K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn Bir \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsan geneti\u011fi tarih boyunca nispeten sabit kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, Eski M\u0131s\u0131r'dan biriyle ili\u015fki kurmakta zorlan\u0131r\u0131z. Onlarla aram\u0131zdaki temel fark k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczd\u00fcr. Yazarlar, bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fen tek \u015feyin teknoloji oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, teknoloji ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yenilikler ahlak ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rlerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yenilik\u00e7i bireyler topluma yeni fikirler sunar ve yayg\u0131n olarak kabul g\u00f6renler o zaman\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne entegre olur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Napolyon, Marx ve Lenin gibi insanlar kendi d\u00f6nemlerinde k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Ancak bu fikirlerin hepsi mevcut teknolojiyi tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle Napolyon'un fikirleri art\u0131k modern k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7erisinde kabul g\u00f6rmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ahlak Zaman \u0130\u00e7inde Evrimle\u015fir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihi fig\u00fcrlere d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakmak ve onlar\u0131n nas\u0131l belirli ahlaki de\u011ferlere sahip olabileceklerini kabul etmek zor olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Orta \u00c7a\u011f'daki insanlar su\u00e7lanan bir cad\u0131y\u0131 kaz\u0131kta yakmay\u0131 ahlaki bir eylem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi. Bug\u00fcn biz bunu ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131dan yanl\u0131\u015f bir eylem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ahlaki de\u011ferlerdeki bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nedeni etik de\u011ferlerin evrim ge\u00e7irmesidir. Ahlak, tarihimizin ekonomik evreleriyle ili\u015fkilidir. Yazarlar, insanlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ekonomik a\u015famadan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini belirtmektedir: avc\u0131l\u0131k, tar\u0131m ve sanayi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her a\u015famada belirli de\u011ferler te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk olarak, avlanma evresinde yiyecek k\u0131tt\u0131 ve erkeklerin \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksekti. Bu nedenle, cinsel \u00fcreme her zamankinden daha \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fundan, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck, vah\u015fet ve cinsel sald\u0131rganl\u0131k \u00f6zellikleri te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6zellikler d\u00f6nemin ahlaki de\u011ferlerini olu\u015fturmu\u015f olabilir. Daha sonra, tar\u0131m \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir dizi beceri ve de\u011fer gerektirdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131ll\u0131k sald\u0131rganl\u0131k ve \u015fiddetten daha \u00f6nemli hale geldi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, vah\u015fet etik olarak yanl\u0131\u015f hale geldi. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ve ailelerin \u00f6nemi de artt\u0131. Bunun sonucunda, ahlaki a\u00e7\u0131dan en k\u0131nanacak davran\u0131\u015flar k\u00fcrtaj ve iki e\u015flilik oldu. Aileler bir \u00e7iftli\u011fin \u00fcretim birimi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00e7ocuklar ebeveynleriyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve onlara itaat etmek zorunda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ebeveyn otoritesi hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Son olarak, sanayi devrimiyle birlikte k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar evden ayr\u0131lmaya ve i\u015f bulmaya te\u015fvik edildi. B\u00f6ylece bireysellik ahlak\u0131n temeli haline geldi. \u00c7ocuklar art\u0131k ekonomik bir avantaj sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in evlilik ve \u00e7ocuklar daha az \u00f6nemli hale geldi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Servetin Yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 Do\u011fald\u0131r<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarih boyunca zenginlik, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in gerekli becerilere sahip olanlara do\u011fru kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, her zaman servetin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa h\u00fckmeden bir az\u0131nl\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Yazarlar, ahlaki de\u011ferlerin ve ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir toplumun servet da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 belirledi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Demokrasi, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in vard\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, demokrasiler genellikle az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusun eline daha fazla zenginlik verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazarlar demokrasilerde e\u015fitsizli\u011fin do\u011fal oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrseler de, e\u015fitsizlik belirli bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini de savunmaktad\u0131rlar. Tarihsel olarak bu yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, \u00e7ok say\u0131da yoksul insan az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n servet ve g\u00fcc\u00fcnden daha a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bu yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ya yasal reformlar ya da zor yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130lkine \u00f6rnek olarak M.\u00d6. 594 y\u0131l\u0131nda Atina g\u00f6sterilebilir. Alt s\u0131n\u0131flar isyan etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu ve zenginler servetlerini g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanarak korumaya haz\u0131rd\u0131. Ancak Atinal\u0131 soylu bir devlet adam\u0131 olan Solon farkl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsemeye karar verdi. Para biriminin de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek sistemde reform yapt\u0131, bu da bor\u00e7lar\u0131 azaltt\u0131 ve yoksullar\u0131n daha kolay hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bunun alternatifi \u00e7ok daha az etkilidir. Roma Senatolar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce serveti yeniden da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 reddetmi\u015fti. Bunun sonucunda Roma, M\u00d6 133'ten M\u00d6 30'a kadar devam eden s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 bir i\u00e7 sava\u015fla harap oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kapitalizm ile E\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f Sosyalizm \u0130\u015fe Yarayabilir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok toplum zenginli\u011fi yeniden da\u011f\u0131tman\u0131n bir yolu olarak sosyalizmi denemi\u015f, ancak her zaman ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Buna ra\u011fmen yazarlar, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla sosyalizmin tek ba\u015f\u0131na denenmesinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Sosyalizm, di\u011fer kavramlarla e\u015fle\u015ftirildi\u011fi takdirde i\u015fe yarayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, G\u00fcney Amerika'daki \u0130nkalar g\u00fcvenlik ve yiyecek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devletin t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak bu, G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen egemen bir delege ile birle\u015ftirildi. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m Pizarro'nun 1533'te Peru'yu fethine kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Bu, sosyalizm ve monar\u015fizmin birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yazarlar sosyalizmin de kapitalizmle birlikte i\u015fleyebilece\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, bu iki kavram\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesinin daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir sosyal sistem \u00fcretebilece\u011fine inan\u0131yorlar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz sosyalizmi insanlar\u0131n daha fazla fiziksel ve entelekt\u00fcel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak genel \u00fcretimlerini te\u015fvik etmektedir. Kapitalist toplumlar ise zenginli\u011fin yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 konusunda tek ba\u015flar\u0131na ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmaktad\u0131r. Bu ikisini birle\u015ftirmek her iki taraf\u0131n da uzla\u015fmas\u0131na ve etkili bir orta yol bulmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayabilir. Kapitalizm tehdidi sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini geni\u015fletmeye te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir. Sosyalizm tehdidi kapitalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri e\u015fitli\u011fi artt\u0131rmaya te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Demokrasi E\u011fitim Gerektirir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"48886\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%22Democracy+is+the+most+difficult+of+all+forms+of+government%2C+since+it+requires+the+widest+spread+of+intelligence%2C+and+we+forgot+to+make+ourselves+intelligent+when+we+made+ourselves+sovereign.%22+-+Will+and+Ariel+Durant&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F48886&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"Demokrasi t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imleri aras\u0131nda en zor olan\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en geni\u015f zeka yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir ve biz kendimizi egemen k\u0131larken zeki olmay\u0131 unuttuk.\" - Will ve Ariel Durant<br><\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%22Democracy+is+the+most+difficult+of+all+forms+of+government%2C+since+it+requires+the+widest+spread+of+intelligence%2C+and+we+forgot+to+make+ourselves+intelligent+when+we+made+ourselves+sovereign.%22+-+Will+and+Ariel+Durant&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F48886&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<p>Demokrasiler art\u0131k toplum i\u00e7in en iyi yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Bat\u0131'n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu demokratik olarak y\u00f6netilmektedir. Demokrasinin yayg\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yazarlar demokrasilerin insanl\u0131k tarihinde nispeten yeni bir kavram oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Demokrasiler bilimin ve giri\u015fimcili\u011fin geli\u015fmesinde etkilidir. Ancak, herkes i\u00e7in e\u015fit haklar\u0131 garanti etmezler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, demokrasiler hala kad\u0131nlar\u0131 oy kullanma hakk\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rakabilmektedir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demokrasilerin faydalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ayn\u0131 zamanda son derece k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131rlar. En istikrarl\u0131 demokrasiler bile s\u00fcrekli olarak bir diktat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan devrilme tehdidi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bir \u00fclkenin sava\u015f ya da ekonomik kriz tehdidi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Bu durumda, bir bireyin bundan faydalanmas\u0131 ve demokraside iktidara gelmesi daha kolayd\u0131r. Demokratik bir toplumun buna kar\u015f\u0131 tek savunmas\u0131 e\u011fitimdir. \u0130nsanlar ancak neler olup bitti\u011fini anlayacak e\u011fitime sahiplerse yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f liderlere kar\u015f\u0131 direnebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tarihten Gelen Ba\u015far\u0131lar Gelece\u011fin Medeniyetlerine Yol G\u00f6steriyor<\/h2>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"ss-ctt-wrapper ss-ctt-style-4\" data-ss-post-id=\"48886\" data-nonce=\"7d20d414f8\">\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%22The+present+is+the+past+rolled+up+for+action%2C+and+the+past+is+the+present+unrolled+for+understanding.%22+-+Will+and+Ariel+Durant&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F48886&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-tweet\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"\u015eimdiki zaman eylem i\u00e7in d\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ge\u00e7mi\u015f ise anlamak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fimdiki zamand\u0131r.\" - Will ve Ariel Durant<br><\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=%22The+present+is+the+past+rolled+up+for+action%2C+and+the+past+is+the+present+unrolled+for+understanding.%22+-+Will+and+Ariel+Durant&#038;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getstoryshots.com%2Ftr%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F48886&#038;via=storyshots&#038;related=storyshots\" class=\"ss-ctt-link\" data-title=\"Click to Tweet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t<span>Tweetlemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"ss-svg-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t<\/div><!-- END .ss-ctt-wrapper -->\n\n\t\t\n\n\n<p>Bir uygarl\u0131k her \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde toplumlar\u0131n yeniden ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekmez. Bunun yerine, \u00f6nceki uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n en iyi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve fikirleri gelecekteki toplumlara dahil edilebilir. Art\u0131k eski b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131klardan hi\u00e7birine sahip de\u011filiz. Ancak, onlar\u0131n icatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 modern toplumda ya\u015famaya devam ediyor. Ate\u015f, tekerlek ve yaz\u0131 sistemleri gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015fimizden gelen temel teknolojileri hala kullan\u0131yoruz. Ayr\u0131ca, tar\u0131msal uygulamalar ve baz\u0131 ahlaki kurallar da de\u011fi\u015fmeden kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesiyle ayn\u0131 biyolojik varl\u0131klar olabiliriz. Yine de daha geli\u015fmi\u015f insan haklar\u0131na, yarg\u0131 sistemlerine, entelekt\u00fcel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ve teknolojik yeniliklere sahibiz. \u00d6nceki uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n iyi yanlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131 kendi toplumumuzun \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yla harmanlad\u0131k. Yazarlar bunu miras\u0131m\u0131z olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Biyolojimiz ayn\u0131, ancak miras\u0131m\u0131z daha m\u00fcreffeh. Tarihten dersler \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k ve insan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdik. Yazarlar, potansiyel rehber olarak tarihsel ba\u015far\u0131lara bakmaya devam etmemiz gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sosyalizm ve kapitalizmin tarihsel birle\u015fiminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tarihin Dersleri PDF, \u00dccretsiz Sesli Kitap, \u0130nfografik ve Animasyonlu Kitap \u00d6zeti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00f6zet hakk\u0131nda geri bildiriminiz varsa veya \u00f6\u011frendiklerinizi payla\u015fmak istiyorsan\u0131z, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya yorum yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>StoryShots'ta yeni misiniz? Bu \u00f6zetin ve di\u011fer y\u00fczlerce \u00e7ok satan kurgusal olmayan kitab\u0131n sesli ve animasyonlu versiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 <a href=\"https:\/\/go.getstoryshots.com\/free\"><strong>\u00fccretsiz \u00fcst d\u00fczey uygulama.<\/strong><\/a> Apple, The Guardian, The UN ve Google taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyi okuma ve \u00f6\u011frenme uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6sterildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara dalmak i\u00e7in sipari\u015f verin <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/lessons-history-book\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Kitap<\/strong><\/a> ya da sesli kitab\u0131n\u0131 edinin <a href=\"https:\/\/geni.us\/durant-free-audiobook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u00fccretsiz<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130lgili Kitap \u00d6zetleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/homo-deus-summary\/\">Homo Deus<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Yuval Noah Harari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/sapiens-summary\/\">Sapiens<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Yuval Noah Harari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/life-3-0-summary\/\">Ya\u015fam 3.0<\/a> Max Tegmark taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/factfulness-summary\/\">Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik<\/a> Anna Rosling R\u00f6nnlund, Hans Rosling ve Ola Rosling taraf\u0131ndan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/ai-superpowers-summary\/\">Ayd\u0131nlanma \u015eimdi<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Steven Pinker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/ai-superpowers-summary\/\">Yapay Zeka S\u00fcper G\u00fc\u00e7leri<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Kai-Fu Lee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/permanent-record-summary\/\">Kal\u0131c\u0131 Kay\u0131t<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Edward Snowden<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/a-brief-history-of-time-summary\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"47409\">Zaman\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan Stephen Hawkings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"Tarih Dersleri \u00f6zeti\" class=\"wp-image-59006\" style=\"width:330px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/The-Lessons-of-History-book-summary-review-PDF-Will-Durant-Ariel-Durant-quotes-chapters-free-audiobook-infographic-analysis-criticism-main-points-storyshots.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hayat \u00e7ok yo\u011fun. Tarih Dersleri kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda tozlanmaya m\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131? Bunun yerine, temel fikirleri \u015fimdi al\u0131n. Biz burada sadece y\u00fczeyi \u00e7iziyoruz. Kitaba hen\u00fcz sahip de\u011filseniz, kitab\u0131 sipari\u015f edin veya ilgin\u00e7 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in sesli kitab\u0131 \u00fccretsiz edinin. \u00d6zet Tarih Dersleri, yazarlar\u0131n tarih boyunca edindikleri bilgi ve deneyimlerin birikimidir...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":93156,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"sidebar-primary","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":false,"span_bottom":false},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":1,"label":"Coming soon"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lessons-of-History-summary-1024x536.png",1024,536,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"StoryShots - Free Book Summaries","author_link":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/books\/author\/storyshotsadmin\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":1,"name":"Coming soon","slug":"uncategorized","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":147,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":1,"category_count":147,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Coming soon","category_nicename":"uncategorized","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48886"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96601,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48886\/revisions\/96601"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/93156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.getstoryshots.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}