ملخص وتحليل قبعات التفكير الست | إدوارد دي بونو
An Essential Approach to Business Management
البودكاست المتعمق
Edward De Bono’s Perspective
Edward De Bono is one of the pioneers of Brain Training. In 1967, he invented the world famous Lateral Thinking Technique. De Bono is a proponent of the direct teaching of thinking as a skill. He has dedicated his life to helping people worldwide improve their thinking abilities and creativity skills. His courses have been used by top corporations, governments and world leaders. That said, they are also highly accessible, having been used by schoolchildren. De Bono believes his techniques help people of all thinking levels to make smarter decisions in less time.
مقدمة
ست قبعات تفكير ست provides six approaches that can be used interchangeably as a critical thinking tool. Imagine you were an explorer and found yourself on an island. Naturally, you would like to find out what is happening on that island. The most common approach would be to observe and take notes of every prominent feature. The issue with this approach is that it neglects many less prominent details that are still important. The Six Thinking Hats approach helps you look at every critical detail one bit at a time. These six thinking hats have different colors and each color functions differently.
The Premise
Six Thinking Hats’ premise is that doing everything simultaneously would only create confusion. Basically, Six Thinking Hats gives you a frame of reference. This reference provides three clear uses.
- You can use it as a tool for group discussion and individual thinking. That means you can use it to help you to optimize them.
- It helps a group think together more effectively. Imagine you have six people in your group. There would be six different ways of thinking. Crucially, if the group adopts six thinking hats, they can focus on one thing at a time.
- It offers a way to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way. With six thinking hats, you know exactly what you’re going to do for each step of the process. So, you cover all the required areas. The result is thought processes and work that are more cohesive.
Advantages of Six Thinking Hats
Before delving into the specifics of each thinking hat, De Bono provides five strong reasons why you should adopt the six thinking hats. The five advantages that De Bono provides are:
- They encourage parallel thinking. Parallel thinking means that all your group members are thinking in the same direction. The longer you work in this way, the more influential your team will become.
- They encourage full-spectrum thinking. Full-spectrum thinking means that you cover all possibilities.
- They separate ego from performance. Whenever you do a group discussion, you are engaging in social aspects. It is a social event because you’re not working by yourself; you’re working with people. Sometimes people believe that they own their ideas. This ownership leads to people feeling threatened when “their” idea is challenged. Crucially, the six thinking hats will help you separate your ego from performance. So, people criticizing an idea is no longer about you and becomes a vital part of solving a problem together.
- They allow the team to obtain fuller input from more people. When you work in a group, there will be different personalities. The six thinking hats can help you obtain input or information from each person and personality.
- They encourage performance rather than ego defense. Once you realize the group performance is more important than individual performance, you can be more encouraging to others. You can also become more open.
So, now you should have an understanding of the benefits of the six thinking hats.
Explanation of The Six Thinking Hats
The six thinking hats each have unique features that complement each other but are clearly distinct. The picture below displays this point and the following outlines will also make this clear.
The Blue Thinking Hat Is About the Process
Out of the Six Thinking Hats, the blue thinking hat is the only one that focuses on the process. Focusing on the process means that this does not consider the subject. This hat starts by asking the group how they are going to discuss the subject. So, this hat does not look at the subject itself but the thinking behind the subject. In technical terms, the blue hat is more concerned with meta-cognition. Meta-cognition is a specialist term for thinking about how we should think. Meta-cognition also considers what type of thinking is needed and organizes this thinking. This thinking hat considers the premise first, then plans out the process of thinking and subsequent actions. This makes the blue thinking hat in charge of decision-making.
The White Thinking Hat Seeks Facts
“Real life, however, is very different from school sums. There is usually more than one answer. Some answers are much better than others: they cost less, are more reliable or are more easy to implement. There is no reason at all for supposing that the first answer has to be the best one.”
– Edward De Bono
The white thinking hat is all about the facts. Common questions asked by those wearing the white thinking hat are
- What materials do we have?
- What information do we have?
- What further information do we need?
- How are we going to get them?
This thinking hat is focused on information. So, they collect this data and information to guide the team’s decision-making and efficiency. The white hat is neutral and objective. That means they should not be passing judgment while wearing this hat. Instead, white hats are merely collecting.
The author offers an example to help you remember the information-oriented nature of white hats. He explains that paper is generally white and we use paper to write information. So, white hats write facts on white papers.
The Red Thinking Hat Uses Their Feelings
The red thinking hat pays attention to their feelings and responds accordingly. While wearing this hat, you should be relying on your gut reactions. You do not need to justify your intuitions or gut reactions. Instead, just provide statements based on how you feel.
The author explains that this hat is crucial to team unity. Often people are happy to go along with something they disagree with as long as they are allowed to express their feelings. So, the red hat allows team members to vent and feel like they are free.
This hat is all about expressing how you feel in every moment. It is fine to have a change in your emotional state. For example, you might dislike the sound of an idea at first but then change your mind. Instead of worrying about seeming inconsistent, De Bono suggests you state every change in your emotions.
The Black Thinking Hat Looks for Faults
“We may have a perfectly adequate way of doing something, but that does not mean there cannot be a better way. So we set out to find an alternative way. This is the basis of any improvement that is not fault correction or problem solving.”
– Edward De Bono
The black thinking hat is perhaps the most common hat in organizations that do not use the six thinking hats. People are used to finding faults with concepts. They’re also used to talking about obstacles. Finding faults can be positive, but it can have a negative impact when it is being overused. This is why De Bono believes it is better to have a single hat dedicated to finding faults.
Black hat thinking covers bad point judgment. Logic is applied to identifying flaws, barriers and obstacles. The black hat is also concerned with difficulties, weaknesses and dangers that you might face. The crucial point is that while wearing the black hat, you have to give justification for all judgments. You have to give your logical reasoning. Based on this point, black hat thinking is the opposite of red hat thinking.
The benefit of black hat thinking is it helps you spot the risks associated with decisions. People talk about bad things all the time, which can make meetings counterproductive. So, black hat thinking should not be purely about negative points. Instead, it should also be about minimizing risk through policy and regulations.
The Yellow Thinking Hat Is About Benefits
Yellow hat thinking considers all the positive aspects of an idea or concept. So, while wearing this hat, you should be talking about all the good features. But, as with the black hat thinking, yellow hat thinking must also be applied with logic. When identifying the benefits, you must be logical and provide justification.
The purpose of yellow hat thinking is to seek harmony through finding positives. So, while wearing a yellow hat, you should constantly be considering how an idea is useful, which requires you to value sensitivity. Instead of considering law and policy, you should be talking about what values go with a particular topic. Plus, what type of ethics judgment that the team needs to be aware of.
The Green Thinking Hat Calls for Creativity
“Creativity involves provocation, exploration and risk taking. Creativity involves “thought experiments.” You cannot tell in advance how the experiment is going to turn out. But you want to be able to carry out the experiment.”
– Edward De Bono
قبعة التفكير الأخيرة هي قبعة التفكير الخضراء. تهدف هذه القبعة إلى إيجاد حل للمشاكل التي تجدها في تفكير القبعة السوداء. والقبعة الخضراء مسؤولة أيضًا عن الرد على بيان الاستفزاز والتحقيق. لذلك، يقومون بالتحقيق والبحث عن الحلول والأفكار والإمكانيات البديلة.
يستغرق دي بونو بعض الوقت لشرح ما يعنيه ببيان الاستفزاز. قد يبدو هذا على الفور وكأنك تبدأ حجة. والحقيقة أن بيان الاستفزاز يدور حول طرح فرضيات أو سيناريوهات ومعرفة إلى أين ستصل. على سبيل المثال، إذا قاتل سوبرمان مع Incredible Hulk، فمن سيفوز؟ وهذا بيان استفزازي. إنه يوفر للفريق شرارة لبدء التفكير بطريقة مثيرة للاهتمام وتقديم وجهات نظر بديلة.
The Movie Example and Exercise
أسهل طريقة لفهم المفهوم هي استخدام مثال. لذا، لنفترض أن فريقًا من قبعات التفكير الست يدرس موضوع الأفلام. في هذا المثال، ستكون مهام وأسلوب كل قبعة هي:
- القبعة الزرقاء – قرر ما يجب أن يكون عليه تركيز المحادثة وأهدافها. هذه القبعة لا تتحدث عن الفيلم نفسه.
- Red Hat - اسأل نفسك ما إذا كنت تشعر أنك تحب الفيلم أم تكرهه. ثم أخبر المجموعة بمشاعرك البديهية.
- القبعة البيضاء – جمع الحقائق والمعلومات عن الفيلم. على سبيل المثال، المخرج وكاتب السيناريو والممثل الرئيسي والحبكة.
- القبعة الصفراء والقبعة السوداء - غالبًا ما تعمل هاتان القبعتان معًا. من المفترض أن تكون القبعة الصفراء إيجابية والقبعة السوداء سلبية. لذلك، فهي توفر توازنًا جيدًا. في مثال الفيلم، يجب أن يكون الأمر أكثر تعقيدًا من قول القبعة السوداء أشياء سلبية حول جزء من الفيلم يتم انتقاده بشكل شائع. بدلًا من ذلك، يجب على القبعة السوداء أن تحاول العثور على شيء سلبي في المنطقة الأكثر إيجابية في الفيلم. وبالمثل، يجب أن تجد القبعة الصفراء شيئًا إيجابيًا في أكبر انتقادات الفيلم.
- القبعة الخضراء – يجب أن تتطلع القبعة الخضراء دائمًا إلى الإبداع. يمكنك تقديم سيناريو مثير لإثارة المحادثة. على سبيل المثال، "ما هو الفيلم الذي سيكون أكثر ملاءمة للتقاطع مع هذا الفيلم"؟
الملخص النهائي والمراجعة
توفر قبعات التفكير الست التوازن في عالم تميل فيه الفرق إلى التركيز على السلبيات. كما أنها تساعد في منعنا من التركيز على غرورنا وتشجعنا على النظر في أداء الفريق. قبعات التفكير الست تدعم الفصل بين أنماط التفكير المختلفة. عندما تتحدث عن شيء واحد في كل مرة، يمكنك أن تعطيه اهتمامك الكامل. ولهذا السبب فمن المنطقي ارتداء قبعة واحدة في كل مرة. لذلك، تعمل قبعات التفكير الست على تعزيز العمل المركّز والمهمّة الواحدة. عندما تخلط كل شيء، فإنك تبطئ نفسك.
إن القيام بمهمة واحدة ضمن فريق يضم جميع قبعات التفكير سيسمح لك بالتفكير معًا بطريقة مركزة. والأهم من ذلك، أنه ليس عليك استخدام قبعات التفكير الست في جميع الأوقات. على سبيل المثال، لنفترض أن لديك اجتماعًا أو جهدًا تعاونيًا. في هذه الحالة، يمكنك ببساطة أن تقرر في منتصف الاجتماع، "مرحبًا، نحتاج فقط إلى التفكير في المزايا لبضع دقائق". لذا، سيرتدي الجميع القبعة الصفراء في نفس الوقت. إنها أداة تركيز متعمدة يمكنك استخدامها في أوقات مختلفة أو يمكن استخدامها في وقت واحد ضمن فريق متوازن.
Six Thinking Hats PDF, Free Audiobook, Infographic and Animated Book Summary
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